Estate Planning

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The estate planning team at Wiggin and Dana helps high-net-worth individuals and families develop and implement comprehensive estate planning strategies. With decades of combined experience and an approach that merges the professional with the personal, our lawyers are valued advisors who see the big picture while still attending to the smallest details.

Our size allows us to have the broad-based experience and sophistication to rival the largest law firms, yet we are lean enough to be as adaptable and accessible as our high-net-worth clients require. Each of our estate planning lawyers brings extensive experience and diverse perspectives, providing you with personalized attention backed by the collective insights of our exceptional team.

We know discussing family matters and end-of-life decisions can be uncomfortable, so we take the time to learn about you and your family, listen to your concerns, and clearly answer all your questions.

How Our Estate Planning Attorneys Can Help

The term โ€œestate planningโ€ may sound abstract and evoke feelings of mortality, when in reality, it encompasses the hopes, dreams, care, and responsibility you have for your loved ones. It is about planning for life โ€” yours and those you care about the most.

When done properly, estate planning protects your assets and provides financial security for you and your family. Our clients gain peace of mind working with experienced lawyers who tailor effective strategies to ensure their wishes are honored and their loved ones are provided for, now and in the future. Contact us today to get started on your estate plan.

Our Suite of Legal Services

Partner with Wiggin and Dana for a comprehensive suite of estate planning services tailored to the unique needs of high-net-worth individuals and families. We provide personalized guidance to help you protect your substantial assets, ensure your legacy, and achieve your long-term financial goals. With a deep understanding of the sophisticated and complex nature of estate planning for high-net-worth clients, we design plans with your values and aspirations in mind, providing financial and emotional security for you and your loved ones.

Phase I Planning

Wills

For high-net-worth individuals, having a will is an absolute necessity. It provides control over the distribution of substantial assets, appoints a personal representative to manage complex estate administration, and nominates guardians for minor children if both parents pass away. Without a will, state law dictates asset distribution through intestate succession, which often fails to align with your specific wishes and can complicate the handling of significant estates. While certain assets like life insurance policies and retirement accounts pass directly to named beneficiaries, other valuable assets become part of the probate estate and are distributed according to state law. Having a will ensures your assets are managed and distributed according to your precise wishes, easing the burden on your loved ones during a challenging time.

Revocable Trusts

A revocable trust, or revocable living trust, is an essential tool for high-net-worth individuals, allowing you to maintain control over your assets while effectively protecting and preserving them. This type of trust lets you manage your assets just as before, as you transfer ownership of assets such as bank accounts, real property, and investments to the trust, a process called “funding.” The trust is termed “revocable” because you can modify or terminate it during your lifetime, provided you are not incapacitated. As the creator and trustee, you manage and use the trust assets for your benefit, and upon your death, a designated successor trustee handles claims, taxes, and distributes assets to your beneficiaries. The primary advantages of a revocable living trust for high-net-worth clients include avoiding the costly, time-consuming, and public probate process, and providing a plan for incapacity by allowing designated successor trustees to manage your financial affairs in alignment with your wishes.

Power of Attorney (POA)

A Power of Attorney (POA) is a legal document that grants authority from one person (the “Principal”) to another (the “Agent”) to act on their behalf. This authority can be broad or limited based on the specific language of the POA. A POA designates an individual to make financial decisions, such as buying and selling investments, accessing safe deposit boxes, selling real property, executing contracts, managing business interests, paying debts, handling legal claims, and filing tax returns. Unlike a Health Care Surrogate, which designates someone to make medical decisions, a POA focuses on financial matters. Having a POA in place is essential to avoid the delay and expense of court-appointed guardianship, ensuring that your chosen Agent can swiftly make important financial decisions on your behalf if you become unable to do so. For high-net-worth individuals, a POA is particularly important as it ensures the seamless management of substantial and diverse financial portfolios, protecting significant assets and investments from potential mismanagement or legal complications.”

Health Care Documents

A Health Care Advanced Directive, also known as a Designation of Health Care Surrogate or Health Care Proxy, allows an individual to appoint someone to make health care decisions on their behalf if they become unable to do so. This surrogate can make a wide range of medical decisions, including selecting medical procedures and providers, transferring the individual between health care facilities, and applying for insurance benefits. This document provides a straightforward and cost-effective alternative to guardianship proceedings, preserving privacy and ensuring that a trusted person, rather than a court-appointed guardian, makes important health care decisions. It helps avoid conflicts and confusion over care, as physicians and family members do not automatically have the authority to make these decisions without this designation.

Phase II Planningย 

Irrevocable Trusts


Irrevocable trusts are a type of trust where the creator (the “grantor”) relinquishes control over the property transferred into the trust, and the terms cannot be changed. This lack of revocability comes with significant benefits, including moving assets outside of the grantorโ€™s taxable estate and protecting them from creditors of both the grantor and the beneficiaries. In an irrevocable trust, the trustee maintains legal title to the property, while the beneficiaries hold equitable title. Although generally not subject to change, certain modifications can be made with the consent of the trustee and beneficiaries. Benefits of irrevocable trusts include protecting assets from judgments and creditors, removing taxable assets from the grantorโ€™s estate to leverage estate tax exemptions, reducing taxes on appreciating assets for beneficiaries, gifting homes and other assets with fewer tax implications, retaining income from gifted assets, and avoiding probate. Irrevocable trusts are particularly advantageous for high-net-worth individuals as they provide robust asset protection, optimize estate tax strategies, and ensure the efficient transfer of wealth to future generations, safeguarding significant assets and maintaining financial stability.

Life Insurance Trusts


Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts (ILITs) are entities created to hold life insurance policies, with the trust named as the primary beneficiary instead of an individual. Upon the insured’s death, the policy proceeds are distributed to the trust, where the trustee manages and allocates the assets according to the trust agreement. For high-net-worth individuals, an ILIT is particularly beneficial as it ensures substantial life insurance proceeds are protected from federal and state estate taxes, preserving the full value for beneficiaries. Benefits of an ILIT include minimizing or eliminating estate taxes, avoiding guardianship proceedings if minors are beneficiaries, appointing a trusted third-party trustee to manage and distribute the proceeds as specified, and avoiding probate. Depending on circumstances, the trust can also benefit a surviving spouse, allowing proceeds to pass to children or other beneficiaries without being taxed in the spouseโ€™s estate.

Family Limited-Partnerships


A Family Limited Partnership (FLP) is a legal structure that consolidates a family’s business or investment assets into a single partnership, with family members holding ownership shares. Typically created by parents, an FLP includes general partners, who manage the partnership and face liability risks, and limited partners, who do not manage the partnership and whose liability is limited to their investment. An FLP is particularly advantageous for those with substantial assets as it provides a structured way to manage and transfer assets while minimizing tax liabilities. General partners contribute assets like investments or business ownership to the FLP, while children, grandchildren, or other relatives receive ownership interests as limited partners, either directly or through a trust. By keeping annual gifts to heirs below the gift tax threshold, the value of the general partners’ taxable estate is gradually reduced, potentially avoiding estate taxes. Income taxes can also be reduced by sharing partnership income with children, although income shifting to children under 14 is limited by tax regulations.

Limited-liability companies (LLCs)


Forming a Limited Liability Company (LLC) can be highly beneficial for an estate plan, especially for small business owners aiming to protect personal assets and minimize tax burdens. An LLC is a distinct corporate entity that operates as a hybrid between a corporation and a partnership, offering limited liability protection for its owners (members) while allowing profits to be taxed as personal income, thus avoiding double taxation. Governed by an operating agreement, an LLC provides significant flexibility in structuring member responsibilities, operating procedures, and tax elections to suit the specific needs of the business. This flexibility, along with reduced compliance requirements and paperwork, makes LLCs an attractive option for seamlessly separating personal and business assets, enhancing asset protection, and facilitating smooth business succession planning as part of an overall estate plan.

Grantor-Retained Annuity Trusts (GRATs)

Grantor Retained Annuity Trusts (GRATs) are effective estate planning tools for transferring wealth out of a taxable estate while using minimal gift tax exemption. Ideal for clients with appreciating assets, those who are risk-averse, or those who have largely exhausted their gift tax exemption, GRATs allow for significant gifting opportunities. Although IRS interest rates are rising, GRATs remain a viable strategy, particularly for assets currently valued at artificial lows with potential for appreciation. In a GRAT, the grantor transfers assets into the trust and retains the right to receive an annuity payment for a specified term. After the term ends, any remaining assets in the trust pass to the beneficiaries, often with significant tax advantages. This technique leverages the appreciation of assets, as any growth above the IRS assumed rate of return is transferred to beneficiaries free of additional gift tax. Therefore, GRATs are particularly beneficial in volatile markets where asset values have the potential to rebound significantly.

Sales to Intentionally Defective Grantor-Trusts

Sales to Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts (IDGTs) are a sophisticated estate planning strategy used to transfer substantial assets to heirs while minimizing estate and gift taxes. In this technique, the grantor sells assets to an IDGT in exchange for a promissory note, freezing the asset’s value for estate tax purposes. The trust is “intentionally defective” for income tax purposes, meaning the grantor pays the income tax on the trust’s earnings, allowing the trust assets to grow tax-free for the beneficiaries. This method leverages the grantor’s exemption from gift taxes and can significantly reduce the taxable estate, making it an effective tool for preserving wealth and ensuring efficient wealth transfer to future generations.

Charitable Split-Interest Trusts

Charitable split-interest trusts are estate planning tools that allow individuals to support charitable causes while also benefiting non-charitable beneficiaries, such as family members. These trusts are divided into two main types: Charitable Remainder Trusts (CRTs) and Charitable Lead Trusts (CLTs). In a CRT, the donor transfers assets to the trust, which provides income to non-charitable beneficiaries for a specified period, after which the remaining assets go to the designated charity. Conversely, a CLT provides income to a charity for a set term, with the remaining assets then passing to non-charitable beneficiaries. Charitable split-interest trusts offer significant tax advantages, including income tax deductions and reductions in estate and gift taxes, while fulfilling philanthropic goals and providing financial benefits to heirs. For those with substantial estates, these tools are particularly useful as they maximize philanthropic impact while efficiently managing estates, ensuring both charitable intentions and family financial security are met.

Partner with Wiggin and Dana

At Wiggin and Dana, our estate planning team recognizes that each client’s situation is unique and requires a tailored approach. We are dedicated to ensuring that your assets are protected and your wishes are honored. Even when it comes to the most complex estates, we provide personalized solutions tailored to our clientsโ€™ individual goals, ensuring their specific needs are met and giving them peace of mind for the future.

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Podcasts

In this episode, host Michael Clear is joined by a special guest, Senior Practice Manager Dan Maloney, who shares how his unique role helps shape client experience, team culture and…

In this episode of Future Focused: Sophisticated Estate Planning, hosts Michael Clear and Erin Nicholls are joined by Corporate Partners Scott McClure and Len Gray to discuss how the One…

In this episode of Future Focused: Sophisticated Estate Planning, Partner Erin Nicholls and Associate Sara Osinski examine the complexities of managing private foundations. They focus on how the 5% minimum…

Today marks a special milestone, our 50th episode! Since launching in 2023, we’ve had the privilege of engaging with thought leaders, innovators, and trusted advisors to explore the most pressing…

In the final episode of the Speaker Showcase, Partners Steve Malech and Matt Smith discuss the complexities of estate planning, particularly in the context of divorce and family disputes. They…

In the second episode of Future Focused: Sophisticated Estate Planning Speaker Showcase, Private Client Services Partner Vanessa Maczko and Corporate Partner Jack Sousa discuss estate planning strategies, with a focus…

In the premiere episode of our Speaker Showcase, Partners Michael Clear and Erin Nicholls explore the evolving landscape of estate planning, with a special focus on strategies for middle and…

Digital Assets may be poised to revolutionize the financial world and the velocity of moving money across the economy. On this episode of Future Focused: Sophisticated Estate Planning, host Erin…

The disposition of unique assets like art collections requires proper planning. On this episode, Partner Michael Clear and Associate Kaitlyn Pacelli speak with Deborah Robinson, Partner at Art Market Advisors….

When families clash over control of substantial wealth, whether in connection with the testamentary wishes of a loved one or the management of assets in an estate or trust, hiring…

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